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Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles for Yttrium Recovery by Chelating Effect.

Pedro Adrián Martínez-Montoya1,2, Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez3, Ángel de Jesús Morales-Ramírez1,4

  • 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Indústrias Extractivas, IPN-ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, UPALM S/N Col. Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.

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|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles functionalized with acrylic acid, curcumin, and fumaramide efficiently recovered yttrium. This two-step process achieved 90% efficiency, demonstrating a spontaneous and entropic recovery mechanism.

Keywords:
[Y] recoveryextraction processextraction selectivityrare earthsstripping process

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for modern technologies.
  • Efficient and selective recovery of REEs like yttrium remains a challenge.
  • Nanoparticle-based extraction offers a promising avenue for REE recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a two-step solid-liquid extraction process for yttrium recovery.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles functionalized with different compounds.
  • To investigate the thermodynamic properties and selectivity of the yttrium extraction process.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-liquid extraction (extraction and stripping) using functionalized polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles.
  • Optimization of process parameters including pH and solid-liquid ratio.
  • Characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC).

Main Results:

  • Achieved 90% efficiency for yttrium recovery in both extraction and stripping stages within a single cycle.
  • Identified optimal conditions (pH, solid-liquid ratio) and the best-performing functionalizing compound.
  • SEM confirmed nanoparticle structural integrity and metal complex formation.
  • Demonstrated potential for selective REE recovery by adjusting pH.
  • ITC revealed the extraction process to be spontaneous and highly entropic.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles are effective for yttrium recovery.
  • The developed two-step extraction process is highly efficient and potentially selective.
  • The spontaneous and entropic nature of the process provides insights into the recovery mechanism.