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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Mesoscale Damage Evolution, Localization, and Failure in Solid Propellants Under Strain Rate and Temperature Effects.

Bo Gao1,2, Youcai Xiao1, Wanqian Yu3

  • 1College of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies the thermomechanical response of high-energy solid propellants using a cohesive finite element method (CFEM). The findings reveal a strong dependence of mechanical behavior on strain rate and temperature, crucial for predicting propellant performance.

Keywords:
cohesive finite element modelcrack extension modehigh-energy solid propellantsneural networktemperature effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • High-energy solid propellants are complex multiphase materials.
  • Mechanical behavior is primarily dictated by embedded crystalline particles.
  • Quantitative links between microstructure and macroscopic properties are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a cohesive finite element method (CFEM) framework.
  • Quantify the thermomechanical response at the microstructural scale.
  • Analyze impact loading at high strain rates (10³–10⁴ s⁻¹).

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a 3D cohesive finite element model.
  • Incorporated large deformation and thermomechanical coupling.
  • Utilized a neural network-based inverse method for damage evaluation and parameter identification.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated strong dependence of mechanical behavior on strain rate and temperature.
  • Identified temperature-dependent cohesive parameters.
  • Accurately predicted damage progression and macroscopic responses.

Conclusions:

  • The temperature-sensitive CFEM framework accurately models propellant behavior.
  • Understanding microstructural influences is key for predicting performance.
  • Validated model against experimental data for reliability.