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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
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Special Rubber with Excellent Mechanical Strength and Thermal Stability for Temperature Difference Generator

Zhiyong Qin1, Tiantian Gan1,2,3, Wenyu Pan1,2,3

  • 1School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 14, 2025
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Summary

This study developed a robust elastomer for thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using a multistep cross-linking strategy. The enhanced material offers improved mechanical strength and thermal stability for efficient energy harvesting.

Keywords:
carboxylated nitrile rubberhydrogenation processmultiple cross-linking strategyphotothermal conversionthermoelectric generator

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Harvesting
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) convert waste heat and light into electricity.
  • Photothermal conversion layers in TEGs are vulnerable to mechanical and thermal stress, limiting device stability.
  • Developing robust photothermal materials is crucial for reliable energy harvesting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a high-performance elastomer for TEGs with superior mechanical properties and thermal stability.
  • To investigate a multistep cross-linking strategy for material fabrication.
  • To assemble and evaluate a rubber-based thermoelectric generator (R-TEG) using the developed material.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a composite elastomer using carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) grafts, ZnO nanofillers, and carbon black.
  • Sequential integration of grafting, hydrogenation, filler incorporation, and cross-linking.
  • Assembly and testing of a rubber-based thermoelectric generator (R-TEG).

Main Results:

  • The optimized elastomer achieved a tensile strength of 8.1 MPa and an initial decomposition temperature of 393 °C.
  • The fabricated R-TEG demonstrated stable voltage output (1.2 V) and a power density of 18.375 μW/cm² under near-infrared irradiation.
  • The material exhibited excellent output performance and operational stability.

Conclusions:

  • A novel multistep cross-linking strategy successfully produced a high-performance elastomer for TEGs.
  • The developed R-TEG shows significant potential for efficient and stable energy harvesting.
  • This work contributes to sustainable energy solutions through advanced material design for TEGs.