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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Modulating food craving-related neural oscillations using tACS: study protocol for a randomized sham-controlled

Milos Ljubisavljevic1,2, Fransina C King1,2, Fatima Yousif Ismail3

  • 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

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Summary

This study investigates transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) as a novel treatment for food addiction. Findings suggest tACS may effectively reduce food cravings and improve inhibitory control by modulating brain activity.

Keywords:
DLPFCanterior cingulate cortexfMRIfood cravinginsulatACS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Engineering

Background:

  • Food addiction involves intense cravings and poor impulse control, leading to compulsive eating and obesity.
  • Current treatments for food addiction have limited long-term success.
  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) offers a non-invasive method to modulate brain activity and potentially regulate craving circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of fixed-frequency tACS on food cravings, inhibitory control, and neural oscillations.
  • To determine if tACS can reduce craving intensity and improve inhibitory performance in individuals with food addiction.
  • To explore the effectiveness of tACS targeting the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insula.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial with 175 participants (aged 20-55) stratified by food addiction status.
  • Seven consecutive days of tACS (alpha or theta frequency) over the DLPFC, ACC, or insula.
  • Pre- and post-intervention assessments using electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0).

Main Results:

  • Changes in craving intensity and inhibitory control were primary outcomes.
  • Secondary outcomes included alterations in neural oscillations and functional connectivity.
  • Hypothesized that theta-tACS over ACC/insula enhances inhibitory control and interoceptive awareness, while alpha-tACS over DLPFC improves top-down regulation.

Conclusions:

  • tACS demonstrates potential as a novel intervention for compulsive eating and food addiction.
  • The study aims to elucidate the neural mechanisms of food cravings.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize tACS protocols for food addiction treatment.