Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 11, 2025
Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry
Published on: January 19, 2020
Brain nitric oxide and inflammation in chronic intermittent hypoxia: Contributors to cognitive impairment and
Cephas B Appiah1, Ato O Aikins1, George E Farmer1
1Department of Physiology and Anatomy, College of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Abstract:
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and leads to physiological changes that can cause cardiovascular and neurological issues. This review explores the role of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammation in the development of CIH-induced health problems, specifically focusing on hypertension and cognitive dysfunction. We synthesize current evidence regarding how CIH modulates inflammatory processes and NO signaling in different brain regions, especially autonomic control centers crucial for cardiovascular regulation. We also discuss the activation of proinflammatory transcription factors, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and the involvement of pattern recognition receptors in CIH-induced neuroinflammation. Regarding cardiovascular changes associated with CIH, we focus on the effects of NO and inflammation in central autonomic regions such as the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), subfornical organ (SFO), median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), shedding light on their contributions to sustained hypertension in CIH. The review delves into the latest findings on sex differences in CIH-induced neuroinflammation. In examining the current knowledge, we have pinpointed significant gaps in understanding, especially concerning the specific mechanisms of NO and inflammation interactions in different brain regions during CIH. This review provides insights into potential therapeutic targets and emphasizes the need for further research to develop more effective treatments for OSA-related cardiovascular and neurological complications.
More Related Videos
08:23Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
Published on: February 16, 2022
05:45Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures
Published on: November 2, 2015
Related Concept Videos
01:28Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
01:18Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
01:29Hypertension II: Pathophysiology
01:27Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
01:23Hypoxia
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...