Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.6K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.6K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

3.5K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.5K
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism01:23

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism

6.4K
Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
6.4K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.5K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.5K
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones01:38

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones

3.1K
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
3.1K
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview01:16

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

5.0K
Primary amines react with carbonyl compounds—aldehydes and ketones—to generate imines. Imines consist of a C=N double bond and are named Schiff bases after its discoverer—the German chemist Hugo Schiff. On the other hand, secondary amines react with carbonyl compounds to give enamines. In enamines, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom leads to the delocalization of the lone pair.
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

NO and NO<sub>2</sub> reactions with oxygenated peroxy radicals lead to indistinguishable product compositions: computational insights from cyclohexene oxidation in presence of NO <sub><i>x</i></sub>.

Environmental science: atmospheres·2026
Same author

Indoor air quality during cooking and cleaning: a modelling case study in a residential kitchen evaluated with real-world reference instrument measurements.

Environmental science. Processes & impacts·2026
Same author

Nitric oxide can enhance secondary aerosol precursor formation from aromatic carbonyls.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Atmospheric Autoxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Offset Air Quality and Health Gains from Solid Fuel Restriction.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Decrease in Nucleated Particles and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Observed across a Range of Environments.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Significant benefits of pollution alerts for cleaner air and better health.

PNAS nexus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System
08:59

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Published on: May 22, 2020

5.6K

Traffic-Emitted Amines Promote New Particle Formation at Roadsides.

James Brean1, Federica Bortolussi2, Alex Rowell1

  • 1Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.

ACS ES&T Air
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Traffic emissions, especially C2-amines, drive frequent new particle formation (NPF) in urban areas. This study reveals how these emissions overcome environmental factors that typically suppress particle creation.

Keywords:
NPFaerosolnucleationpollutiontraffic

More Related Videos

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
10:29

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers

Published on: March 21, 2016

12.4K
Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx
07:14

Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx

Published on: December 20, 2016

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System
08:59

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Published on: May 22, 2020

5.6K
Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
10:29

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers

Published on: March 21, 2016

12.4K
Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx
07:14

Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx

Published on: December 20, 2016

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Aerosol Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric aerosol particles, impacting urban air quality.
  • High sinks at roadside sites are expected to suppress NPF, yet observations indicate frequent and intense roadside NPF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms driving NPF at urban background and roadside locations.
  • To identify the key chemical species involved in roadside NPF and quantify their contribution.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous measurements of sulfuric acid, amines, highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), and particle number size distributions.
  • Comparative analysis between an urban background site and a highly trafficked roadside site.
  • Application of machine learning to assess the role of HOMs.

Main Results:

  • Sulfuric acid and amines, particularly traffic-derived C2-amines, are identified as primary drivers of particle formation.
  • Roadside C2-amine concentrations were over four times higher than background levels, counteracting high sinks.
  • A potential, albeit uncertain, enhancing role of HOMs in NPF was suggested by machine learning analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Traffic emissions, specifically C2-amines, play a critical role in enabling frequent and intense NPF in urban environments.
  • The enhanced concentrations of traffic-derived species can overcome the suppressive effects of high condensation and coagulation sinks.