Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...

Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation Modifies Tibial Nerve-Stimulation-Evoked Cortical Theta-Gamma Coupling in Sheep Cortex.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026

Same author

Spatial frequency processing preferentially recruits distributed cortical interactions in V1.

Neuroreport·2026

Same author

Impact of COVID-19 on Movement Disorders Patients in the Outpatient Setting.

Cureus·2026

Same author

<i>CARMN::NOTCH2</i> Fusion-Positive Malignant Glomus Tumor of the Liver: A Rare Tumor With Review of Literature.

International journal of surgical pathology·2026

Same author

ALK -Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma : Morphologic Spectrum and Genomic Landscape From a Multi-Institutional Cohort of 16 Cases.

The American journal of surgical pathology·2026

Same author

Utilization of Key Morphologic and Molecular Prognostic and Predictive Parameters in Endometrial Malignancies: A Survey of Gynecologic Pathologists.

International journal of surgical pathology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

Overlapping functional micro-organization of orientation and spatial frequency maps in the visual cortex.

Samantha D Vilarino¹, Ekta Jain², Oliver Flouty¹

¹The Tampa Human Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.

|August 14, 2025

Summary

Neuronal networks in the visual cortex (V1) show stimulus-dependent connectivity. Similar orientation and spatial frequency tuning enhance neural connections at 0° orientation, aiding complex visual processing.

Keywords:

complex image functional network orientation spatial frequency visual system

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Visual System Research

Background:

The visual cortex integrates stimulus features like orientation and spatial frequency for perception.
Previous studies suggested overlapping maps for these features, but functional organization remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional organization of orientation and spatial frequency tuning in the primary visual cortex (V1).
To determine how neuronal connectivity relates to joint feature encoding.

Main Methods:

Multiunit electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized cats' V1.
Presentation of drifting sine-wave gratings with varied orientation and spatial frequency.
Analysis of neuronal responses, tuning curves, and functional connectivity via cross-correlograms.

Main Results:

Neurons with similar orientation and spatial frequency tuning exhibited stronger connectivity at 0° orientation.
This enhanced connectivity was orientation-specific, not observed at 90°.
V1 network organization is stimulus-dependent, with coordinated encoding by overlapping neuronal ensembles.

Conclusions:

Feature-based connectivity in V1 enhances complex stimulus processing.
Perceptual integration relies on dynamic interactions among neurons with shared tuning properties.