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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Identifying essential COVID-19 indicators for primary healthcare through Delphi analysis in 31 European countries:

Maria Pilar Astier Peña1,2,3,4, Raquel Gómez Bravo5,6,7, Ileana Gefaell Larrondo8

  • 1Universitas Health Centre, Zaragoza, Spain.

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Standardized primary healthcare (PHC) indicators for COVID-19 were identified through expert consensus. This work aims to improve international data comparability and public health decision-making during health emergencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of primary healthcare (PHC) in surveillance and decision-making.
  • Electronic health records (EHRs) and sentinel networks were key in monitoring COVID-19 across Europe.
  • Lack of standardized PHC indicators impedes international data comparability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve consensus on standardized PHC activity indicators for COVID-19 across 31 European countries.
  • To enhance health authorities' decision-making capabilities and preparedness for future health crises.

Main Methods:

  • A two-round eDelphi study involving 164 experts from the Eurodata study.
  • Experts rated the relevance and utility of 86 proposed indicators based on availability during the pandemic.
  • Adherence to CREDES guidelines for the structured web-based survey.

Main Results:

  • Consensus was reached on seven of the initial 22 indicators; two remained contentious.
  • Significant disparities were noted in awareness of sentinel networks and PHC data accessibility.
  • Consensus stressed the need for standardized, reproducible, and easily extractable indicators, disaggregated by age, sex, and vaccination status.

Conclusions:

  • Key COVID-19 indicators for PHC were identified through expert consensus.
  • Enhanced cooperation between PHC providers and public health authorities is crucial for harmonizing indicators.
  • This harmonization is vital for responding effectively to future health emergencies at national and international levels.