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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft

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Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular...
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Direct Measurement and Modeling of Wrapping Layer on Lubricant-Infused Surfaces.

Young Jin Lee1, Tomasz Kułakowski1,2, Haobo Xu1

  • 1Energy Transport Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States.

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|August 14, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a model for lubricant-infused surfaces, finding the wrapping layer thickness scales with droplet radius. This study clarifies lubricant depletion mechanisms for enhanced droplet mobility.

Keywords:
Laplace pressurelubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS)oil depletionplanar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF)slippery liquid-infused porous surfacers (SLIPS)van der Waals forces, disjoining pressurewetting ridgewrapping layer

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science and Tribology
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lubricant-infused surfaces offer remarkable droplet mobility and low friction due to minimized contact line pinning.
  • A key feature is the nanometric wrapping oil layer, but its formation mechanism and thickness are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a theoretical model for the wrapping layer thickness on lubricant-infused surfaces.
  • To elucidate the primary factors governing wrapping layer formation and lubricant depletion dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling balancing Laplace pressure and disjoining pressure.
  • Planar laser-induced fluorescence microscopy for direct visualization and measurement.
  • Experimental validation across varying droplet radii, lubricant viscosities, and substrate impregnations.

Main Results:

  • Wrapping layer thickness scales with droplet radius to the 1/3rd power.
  • Thickness is insensitive to lubricant viscosity and initial lubricant film thickness.
  • The wetting ridge volume is four orders of magnitude larger than the wrapping layer volume.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a validated theoretical framework for wrapping layer thickness.
  • Identifies the wetting ridge as the dominant contributor to lubricant depletion by moving droplets.
  • Enhances understanding of wrapping layer dynamics and their implications for lubricant-infused surfaces.