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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles

Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles

Published on: January 15, 2013

Inter-Nanoparticle FRET for Biosensing: Photophysics Versus Size.

Eduard Madirov¹, Clara Catros², Niko Hildebrandt¹

¹Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, M8S 4K1, Canada.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|August 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) using luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) allows nanoscale measurements. This review explores inter-NP FRET, highlighting quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and fluorescent organic nanoparticles for advanced biosensing applications.

Keywords:

Dyes Fluorescence Polymer nanoparticles Quantum dots Upconversion nanoparticles

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles

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Published on: April 26, 2014

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biophysics
Materials Science

Background:

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is crucial for quantifying nanoscale distances and biomolecular interactions.
Luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in FRET, often paired with fluorescent dyes or proteins.
Inter-NP FRET, utilizing luminescent NPs as both donor and acceptor, faces challenges due to size constraints affecting efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review advances and the current state-of-the-art in inter-NP FRET.
To focus on commonly used NPs: quantum dots (QDs), upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), and fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs).
To discuss strategies for overcoming size limitations and leveraging NP photophysical properties for enhanced FRET.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on inter-NP FRET.
Analysis of NP characteristics (size, shells, coatings) influencing FRET efficiency.
Examination of photophysical properties of QDs, UCNPs, and FONs in FRET systems.
Discussion of representative inter-NP FRET applications in biosensing.

Main Results:

NP size, surface shells, and coatings can be engineered to extend FRET distances.
Unique photophysical properties of NPs offer solutions to overcome inherent limitations.
High FRET efficiencies (up to 90%) are achievable, demonstrating potential for bioanalytical applications.
Luminescent NPs offer high brightness, photostability, NIR excitation/emission, multiplexing, and bioconjugation capabilities.

Conclusions:

Inter-NP FRET with luminescent NPs shows significant promise for advanced biosensing.
Engineering NP properties is key to maximizing FRET efficiency and expanding applications.
The unique advantages of luminescent NPs facilitate their translation into practical bioanalytical tools.