Rethinking Urethral Diverticulum: A Narrative Review of Clinical Outcomes and Cancer Associations

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Surgical Outcomes
• Medical Malignancy

Background:

• Urethral diverticulum (UD) is a rare condition involving urethral mucosa protrusion.
• Understanding factors affecting surgical outcomes, complications, and malignancy association is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize data on surgical outcomes for urethral diverticulum.
• To identify factors influencing postoperative complications.
• To review the association between urethral diverticulum and malignancy.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search (2014-2024).
• Qualitative analysis of 32 studies (1052 patients).
• Inclusion of studies reporting UD repair outcomes, complications, or malignancy.

Main Results:

• Transvaginal excision success rates: 83-97%.
• Recurrence rates: 2-22% (diverticulectomy), 17% (urethroplasty).
• Larger diverticula (>3 cm) and complex anatomy correlate with increased complications and reduced success.

Conclusions:

• Diverticulum size and anatomical complexity significantly impact surgical outcomes.
• Postoperative complications are a major consideration in UD management.
• Standardized research reporting is needed for improved understanding and treatment.