Mitochondrial Quality Control: Insights into Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key factor in the pathophysiological changes associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). As the core of intracellular energy metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis is highly dependent on the precise regulation of its mitochondrial quality control (MtQC) system. After ICH, dysfunctional mitochondria lead to impaired oxidative phosphorylation and cellular bioenergetic stress, inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and programmed cell death, further exacerbating cellular damage. To counteract this injury, cells activate a series of MtQC mechanisms for compensatory repair, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and intercellular mitochondrial transfer. These stringent mechanisms help maintain the mitochondrial network, restore the integrity of mitochondrial structural and functional integrity, improve neural function, and mitigate brain injury. In this review, we discuss key evidence regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ICH, focusing on the MtQC mechanisms involved in ICH. We also summarize potential therapeutic strategies targeting MtQC to intervene in ICH, providing valuable insights for clinical applications.