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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology
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Ocular Adverse Events With Semaglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Gabriella R Natividade1,2,3, Bernardo F Spiazzi2,4, Matheus W Baumgarten3

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

JAMA Ophthalmology
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Semaglutide, used for diabetes and obesity, does not increase the risk of eye disorders or diabetic retinopathy. However, a potential link to nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
  • While offering cardiovascular benefits, its impact on ocular health, specifically concerning adverse events, remains unclear.
  • Understanding these risks is crucial for patient safety and informed treatment decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence of ocular adverse events, diabetic retinopathy, and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in patients treated with semaglutide.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized clinical trials to assess the safety profile of semaglutide concerning eye health.
  • To determine the sufficiency of current data for definitive conclusions on semaglutide's ocular safety.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane) for relevant randomized clinical trials.
  • Data extraction and synthesis involved descriptive analysis, meta-analysis using random-effects and fixed-effects models, risk of bias assessment (RoB 2.0), and quality of evidence evaluation (GRADE).
  • Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was employed to assess the adequacy of sample sizes for drawing reliable conclusions.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 78 trials with 73,640 participants showed semaglutide was not associated with an increased risk of eye disorders (OR, 1.01) or diabetic retinopathy (OR, 1.04).
  • A statistically significant association was observed between semaglutide treatment and an increased odds of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) (OR, 3.92).
  • TSA indicated sufficient sample size for diabetic retinopathy conclusions but not for NAION, suggesting limited evidence for this specific adverse event.

Conclusions:

  • Semaglutide treatment does not appear to elevate the risk of general eye disorders or diabetic retinopathy.
  • The observed association with NAION warrants caution, but current evidence is insufficient for definitive conclusions due to sample size limitations.
  • Further large-scale studies are recommended to thoroughly investigate the potential link between semaglutide and NAION.