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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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Ludwig-Soret microscopy with the vibrational photothermal effect.

Keiichiro Toda1, Takuro Ideguchi1

  • 1Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vibrational photothermal (ViP) microscopy enables label-free intracellular Soret imaging to visualize biomolecular transport. This new method revealed reversed molecular transport in cell cytoplasm versus nucleus and changes during cell death.

Keywords:
label-free imagingoptical diffraction tomographyphotothermal microscopythermophoresis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical optics
  • Cellular biophysics
  • Chemical imaging

Background:

  • Vibrational microscopy offers label-free, bond-selective chemical contrast for biomedical research.
  • Conventional methods detect Raman scattering or IR absorption.
  • Vibrational photothermal (ViP) microscopy uses refractive index changes for indirect chemical contrast, enabling novel imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce label-free intracellular thermophoretic (Soret) imaging using ViP microscopy.
  • Visualize and quantify biomolecular transport driven by temperature gradients within living cells.
  • Expand the capabilities of vibrational microscopy for intracellular studies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed ViP-induced Soret (ViPS) imaging.
  • Generated steady-state temperature gradients via optical heating (vibrational photothermal effect).
  • Performed time-resolved refractive index imaging using optical diffraction tomography.

Main Results:

  • Measured intracellular diffusion and Soret coefficients in living COS7 cells using ViPS imaging.
  • Observed reversed molecular transport (negative Soret effect) in cytoplasm compared to nucleus.
  • Noted reduced thermophoretic activity under CO2-depleted conditions, suggesting polymer aggregation and glass formation during cell death.

Conclusions:

  • ViPS imaging provides a novel approach for studying intracellular thermophoresis.
  • Demonstrated distinct intracellular transport behaviors in cytoplasm and nucleus.
  • Linked reduced thermophoresis to cellular changes during the dying process, indicating potential for studying cell death mechanisms.