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Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions for the Integration of Automation in Nursing Practice: Discursive
Joseph Andrew Pepito1, Neilan John Acaso2, Rommel Merioles3
1Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Sciences, Cebu Doctors' University, 1 Dr. P.V. Larrazabal Jr. Ave. North Reclamation, Mandaue, 6014, Philippines, 63 9984682591.
JMIR Nursing
|August 14, 2025
Summary
Automation in nursing offers efficiency and safety benefits but raises ethical concerns. Careful integration, policy, and education are crucial for successful adoption and improved patient care.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Healthcare Technology
- Automation in Healthcare
Background:
- Global healthcare systems face strain from aging populations and workforce shortages.
- Automation technologies are explored to optimize nursing workflows and improve patient outcomes.
- Ethical, legal, and professional considerations of automation in nursing require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- Critically examine automation integration in nursing practice.
- Identify automatable nursing tasks and evaluate their benefits and drawbacks.
- Explore ethical/legal implications and propose strategies for equitable integration.
Main Methods:
- Integrative review and conceptual analysis using sociotechnical systems theory and ethics of care.
- Searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and JMIR Publications (2019-2025).
- Thematic synthesis of 73 peer-reviewed papers to identify key domains.
Main Results:
- Identified five automatable nursing task categories: documentation, medication management, monitoring, infection control, and mobility support.
- Automation offers improved efficiency, patient safety, and reduced nurse workload.
- Challenges include deskilling, dehumanization, inequitable access, and unclear legal accountability.
Conclusions:
- Ethical automation integration requires policy, education, and governance beyond technological readiness.
- Human-centered automation can complement nursing practice and enhance care delivery.
- Future research should focus on impact, legal clarity, and equitable infrastructure investment.
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