A review of various chromatographic analysis techniques for lignans in plant-derived foods

Lignans are naturally occurring compounds found in a variety of plants, and they have garnered significant attention for their health-promoting properties. These bioactive substances are present in numerous food products, both inherently as components of plant-based ingredients like seeds, grains, vegetables, and fruits, and as deliberate additives to enhance nutritional value. The development of analytical techniques for quantifying lignan content in various foods is essential due to the growing recognition of their health benefits and their widespread presence in the diet. Accurate measurement of lignans is crucial for nutritional labeling, enabling consumers to make informed choices about their intake of these bioactive compounds. It also facilitates research into the relationship between lignan consumption and health outcomes, guiding dietary recommendations. Thus, advancing these analytical technologies is key to supporting public health initiatives and the development of functional foods. Recently, different high-resolution mass spectrometry methods and sensors based on novel electrode materials (such as graphene oxide composite materials, Bi₂O_3, and single-wall carbon nanotubes) have been applied to lignans. Thus far, no comprehensive review has encapsulated these developments. In this review, we overviewed the analysis methods for lignans in plant-derived foods and related samples, paying attention to the development since 2018. Meanwhile, we contrast their advantages and disadvantages and anticipate their future development trends.