Primary bone lymphoma: A rare case of mandibular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a background of osteomyelitis

Primary bone lymphoma is a rare and extra nodal type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It accounts for less than 1% of all lymphomas. It can affect various bones, most commonly the femur or humerus. However, it rarely affects the jawbone, especially the mandible. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This case report describes a 59-year-old woman who presented with worsening swelling of the symphyseal region of the mandible. Initially, she was diagnosed for an acute osteomyelitis in the context of previous periodontitis and treated accordingly. However, the patient did not respond to two courses of amoxicillin therapy. Ultimately, a biopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The cases's strength lies in its potential to establish a link between local inflammatory disease and the onset of a DBCL. Furthermore, long-term clinical and imaging follow-up has demonstrated a favorable prognosis with standard chemotherapy.