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Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Acute ischaemic stroke in pregnancy.

Ankita Dadhwal¹, Harpreet Kaur², Ashish Sharma³

¹Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bilaspur, Bilaspur, Bilaspur, India.

BMJ Case Reports

|August 14, 2025

Summary

This study details a rare case of acute ischemic stroke in a healthy pregnant woman. Prompt management and multidisciplinary care were crucial for a positive pregnancy outcome.

Keywords:

Obstetrics and gynaecology Obstetrics, gynaecology and fertility Stroke Venous thromboembolism

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

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Published on: August 18, 2015

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats

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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurology
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Stroke during pregnancy is a rare but serious neurological emergency.
Pregnancy increases thrombotic risk, with conditions like pre-eclampsia exacerbating it.
Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes have distinct risk factors, including thrombophilia and hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a rare case of acute ischemic stroke in an uncomplicated primigravida.
To discuss the management strategies for maternal stroke during pregnancy.
To analyze the impact of stroke on pregnancy outcome.

Main Methods:

Case report of a rare presentation of acute ischemic stroke.
Review of management protocols for maternal stroke.
Analysis of pregnancy outcome in relation to stroke event.

Main Results:

The case involved an uncomplicated primigravida experiencing acute ischemic stroke.
Successful management involved prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary team intervention.
The pregnancy outcome was positively impacted by timely and appropriate care.

Conclusions:

Maternal stroke, though infrequent, requires urgent diagnosis and management.
Multidisciplinary care is essential for optimizing outcomes in pregnant patients with stroke.
This case highlights the importance of vigilance for stroke in pregnancy, even in uncomplicated cases.