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Temperature-dependent electrochromic cycling performance of solution-processed WO3 films.

Hoon Kang1, Gyung Hyun Kim1, Sungho Kang1

  • 1Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea. yekyung@snu.ac.kr.

Nanoscale
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
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Optimizing thermal treatment for tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films is key for durable, energy-efficient smart windows. Amorphous WO3 fabricated at 300°C shows superior ion dynamics and electrochromic performance over 500 cycles.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Tungsten oxide (WO3) is crucial for smart windows due to its electrochromic properties.
  • Fabrication challenges include balancing ion mobility, structural stability, and long-term durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the thermal treatment process for WO3 thin films.
  • To determine the ideal conditions for enhanced electrochromic performance and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Spin-coating deposition of WO3 thin films.
  • Thermal treatment at various temperatures (80°C to 350°C+).
  • Characterization using DSC, TGA, XRD, XPS, FIB-SEM, and electrochemical analysis.

Main Results:

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  • Amorphous WO3 at 300°C demonstrated optimal Li+ insertion/extraction, high coloration efficiency, and stability over 500 cycles.
  • Crystalline WO3 (≥350°C) showed reduced stability due to limited ion mobility.
  • Low-temperature treatments (<190°C) resulted in performance decline from structural weaknesses.

    • Conclusions:

    • Thermal processing temperature critically impacts WO3 film structure and electrochromic performance.
    • Optimized amorphous WO3 offers enhanced durability and efficiency for smart window applications.
    • Long-term cycling tests are essential for evaluating electrochromic device stability.