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Temperature-dependent electrochromic cycling performance of solution-processed WO3 films.
Hoon Kang1, Gyung Hyun Kim1, Sungho Kang1
1Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea. yekyung@snu.ac.kr.
Nanoscale
|August 14, 2025
Summary
Optimizing thermal treatment for tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films is key for durable, energy-efficient smart windows. Amorphous WO3 fabricated at 300°C shows superior ion dynamics and electrochromic performance over 500 cycles.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Tungsten oxide (WO3) is crucial for smart windows due to its electrochromic properties.
- Fabrication challenges include balancing ion mobility, structural stability, and long-term durability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize the thermal treatment process for WO3 thin films.
- To determine the ideal conditions for enhanced electrochromic performance and stability.
Main Methods:
- Spin-coating deposition of WO3 thin films.
- Thermal treatment at various temperatures (80°C to 350°C+).
- Characterization using DSC, TGA, XRD, XPS, FIB-SEM, and electrochemical analysis.
Main Results:
- Amorphous WO3 at 300°C demonstrated optimal Li+ insertion/extraction, high coloration efficiency, and stability over 500 cycles.
- Crystalline WO3 (≥350°C) showed reduced stability due to limited ion mobility.
- Low-temperature treatments (<190°C) resulted in performance decline from structural weaknesses.
Conclusions:
- Thermal processing temperature critically impacts WO3 film structure and electrochromic performance.
- Optimized amorphous WO3 offers enhanced durability and efficiency for smart window applications.
- Long-term cycling tests are essential for evaluating electrochromic device stability.
