Direct integration of optoelectronic arrays with arbitrary non-developable structures

The extension of optoelectronic devices from planar to non-developable structures has led to remarkable success in bionics, optical imaging and soft electronics. However, non-developable optoelectronic devices are achieved mainly via physical deformations and limited to a few geometries. Here we report a self-assembly perovskite strategy for integrating optoelectronic arrays with arbitrary non-developable structures. The perovskite films are grown from a rapid nucleation-dominated crystallization driven by the low energy fluctuation of lead iodide solution, where the fluid precursor can be evenly dispersed along non-developable substrates by surface tension and then self-assembles into compact films through gaseous manipulation. The strategy covers arbitrarily shaped substrates with three-dimensional length scales over 10⁶ orders of magnitude and enables the unique structural manipulations of photodiode arrays with micrometre precision. As a proof of concept, the theoretical focal surface of a single-lens image system is realized into a non-developable sensor, effectively correcting the off-axis coma aberrations compared with its planar or hemispherical counterpart.