Deciphering the Effects of Quenching on the Chemodiversity of Low- and Non-volatile Disinfection Byproducts in
Shixi Wu1, Yiming Feng1, Xinyi Chen1
1MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Abstract:
Quenching is essential for terminating chlorination and preserving halogenated disinfection byproducts (Xn-DBPs) in disinfected waters. However, the effects of quenchers on the chemodiversity and stability of low- and non-volatile Xn-DBPs are still poorly understood. Four quenchers─sodium sulfite (SS), sodium thiosulfate (STS), ascorbic acid (AA), and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB)─were employed to elucidate their influences on the non-targeted analysis of Xn-DBPs using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry under negative electrospray ionization mode (ESI(-)-FT-ICR MS). Compared with the insignificant difference in decomposed Xn-DBPs, the average number of additionally formed Xn-DBPs for AA was significantly lower than that for SS (31 ± 18 versus 67 ± 35) at their optimum doses. The decomposition and additional formation caused by three reductive quenchers on the characterization of Xn-DBPs and their precursors followed the order: AA < STS < SS. Moreover, TMB was recommended to quench residual chlorine for one hour at the quencher-to-residual chlorine molar ratio of 2.00 because of its advantages in avoiding the decomposition of redox-sensitive Xn-DBPs and additional formation of Xn-DBPs by ESI(-)-FT-ICR MS, while exhibiting insignificant impacts on the overall molecular characteristics of DOM. This study provides novel insights into the effects of quenching on the non-targeted analysis of Xn-DBPs.
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