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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
Published on: March 7, 2025
Tumor-Immune Cell Interactions in Cancer Progression
Xiaoxue Zhou1,2, Feng Xie3, Long Zhang4,5,6
1MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Abstract:
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem where immune cell components play a pivotal role in cancer progression. Aberrant immune responses within the tumor microenvironment are critical in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and prognosis, highlighting the urgent need to unravel tumor-immune interactions for improved therapies. This commentary reviews recent advancements in understanding tumor-immune interactions, focusing on both intrinsic factors, like cancer genetics and epigenetics, and extrinsic factors, such as metabolic reprogramming. We also examine key mechanisms of tumor-immune cross-talk, including exosome-mediated communication, liquid-liquid phase separation, and circulating tumor cells. Furthermore, we propose future research directions to improve strategies for combating cancer metastasis and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
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