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Viral myocarditis in pediatrics: A review of current diagnostic methods and future directions

Iyas Dawood1, Samahir Taha Alhussein2, Wefag Yahya Adam Wadi3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|August 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Viral myocarditis, an inflammation of heart muscle in children, is increasingly linked to COVID-19. Early detection using advanced imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Viral myocarditis involves heart muscle inflammation due to viral infections, with a notable increase in pediatric cases.
  • COVID-19 significantly elevates the risk of viral myocarditis in children, underscoring the need for vigilant monitoring.
  • Current diagnostic methods like clinical exams and biomarkers often lack the necessary accuracy and specificity for early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic modalities for viral myocarditis in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight the potential of advanced imaging techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) in improving diagnostic accuracy and timeliness.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection for better patient outcomes and intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging (Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Positron Emission Tomography), and biomarkers.
  • Evaluation of the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in interpreting imaging studies and reducing diagnostic bias.
  • Discussion of genetic factors influencing susceptibility and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) show promise for early detection of viral myocarditis.
  • AI demonstrates potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce interpretation bias, and expedite the diagnostic process.
  • Endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard but is invasive and not suitable for early screening.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating AI with advanced imaging techniques offers a promising avenue for early and accurate diagnosis of pediatric viral myocarditis.
  • Further research and collaborative efforts, including telemedicine, are essential to optimize AI-driven diagnostic tools for pediatric myocarditis.
  • Genetic insights may pave the way for targeted therapies to mitigate disease progression in susceptible children.

Keywords:
Acquired heart disease in pediatricsartificial intelligencecardiac magnetic resonanceearly diagnosis

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