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Estimation of cardiovascular risk among adults using WHO cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk charts: A community-based
Lokesh Raheja1, Naresh P Singh2, Atul Kumar3
1Department of Community Medicine, A.S.J.S.A.T.D.S. Medical College, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Insights
This study assessed cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in rural Indian adults using WHO charts. Most individuals had low 10-year CVD risk, highlighting the charts' utility in resource-limited settings for early detection.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries.
- In 2019, CVDs accounted for 32% of all global deaths, underscoring the urgent need for effective risk assessment tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the 10-year cardiovascular event risk in adults aged 40 years and above in a rural Indian population.
- To evaluate the utility of World Health Organization (WHO) CVD risk prediction charts for the South Asia region in a resource-limited setting.
Main Methods:
- A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 adults aged 40-74 years in rural North India.
- Cardiovascular risk was estimated using both laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based WHO CVD risk prediction charts for the South Asia region.
Main Results:
- Using laboratory-based WHO charts, 76.7% of subjects had <10% 10-year CVD risk, and 1.7% had ≥20% risk.
- Non-laboratory-based charts indicated 80% of participants had <10% risk, and 0.8% had ≥20% risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusions:
- WHO CVD risk prediction charts are valuable tools for low-cost CVD risk assessment in asymptomatic individuals.
- These charts facilitate early detection, prevention, and management of CVDs, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally with three-fourths of the deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CVDs represent 32% of the total global deaths that occurred in 2019, which is indeed a very high number.
Aim And Objectives:
The aim of this study was to estimate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events among adults aged ≥ 40 years in a rural population using the WHO CVD risk prediction charts for the South Asia region.
Materials And Method:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 subjects aged 40-74 years during the period of September 2021 to December 2021 in the rural areas of a district in north India. The two sets of the WHO CVD risk prediction charts, that is, laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based charts for the WHO South Asia region, were used to estimate the cardiovascular risk.
Results:
According to the WHO laboratory-based CVD risk charts, it was observed that 76.7% of subjects were at less than 10% risk, while 1.7% had ≥ 20% risk for cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, assessment with a non-laboratory-based chart level revealed that 80% of the participants had < 10% risk while 0.8% of them had ≥ 20% risk for cardiovascular diseases.1.
Conclusions:
The WHO CVD risk prediction charts can be used in low-cost resource settings as a tool to predict CVD risk among asymptomatic individuals, thus, helping in early detection, prevention, and management of CVDs in settings with limited resources.
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