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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Superionic Surface Li-Ion Transport in Carbonaceous Materials.

Jianbin Zhou1, Shen Wang1, Chaoshan Wu2

  • 1Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.

Nano Letters
|August 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We discovered ultrafast lithium-ion transport on carbon surfaces. Lithiated Ketjen black acts as a superior interlayer and anode component for solid-state batteries, enhancing performance and safety.

Keywords:
Li metal batteriescarbonaceous materialssolid-state batteriessurface Li-ion transportation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Lithium-ion transport in bulk carbonaceous materials is well-understood.
  • Lithium-ion diffusion mechanisms on carbon surfaces remain largely unexplored.
  • High surface area carbon materials are crucial for energy storage applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultrafast lithium-ion transport on carbonaceous material surfaces.
  • To explore the potential of surface-mediated ion transport in solid-state batteries.
  • To develop novel materials for enhanced battery performance and safety.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental synthesis and characterization of lithiated Ketjen black (KB).
  • Measurement of ionic conductivity at room temperature.
  • Theoretical calculations to determine diffusion barriers for surface lithium species.
  • Fabrication and testing of solid-state battery components using lithiated KB.

Main Results:

  • Observed ionic conductivity of 18.1 mS cm⁻¹ in lithiated KB, exceeding typical solid-state ion conductors.
  • Theoretical calculations confirmed low diffusion barriers for surface lithium ions.
  • Lithiated KB effectively mitigated lithium dendrite growth when used as an interlayer.
  • Lithiated KB demonstrated high performance as a mixed ionic-electronic conductor, enhancing graphite anode capacity retention to ~85% over 300 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • A novel ultrafast surface-mediated lithium-ion transport mechanism has been discovered.
  • Lithiated KB shows significant promise as an interlayer and component in solid-state batteries.
  • This finding opens new avenues for designing advanced solid-state ion conductors and batteries.