Ebstein anomaly update: the evolution of care and the revolution of surgical strategy

Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart defect with a broad spectrum of severity - both anatomically and clinically. Treatment options have evolved and hence the rationale for this review.

This manuscript reviews all of the current literature including the recent expert consensus document that describes the updated diagnostic and treatment strategies. A citation search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using key words related to EA. The search was restricted to the English language and the years 1990 to present.

The expert commentary is a summary of the 2 most recent expert consensus documents and also pros and fit pitfalls based on the authors institutional experience which is the largest in the world.