Improving long-term stability of optoelectronic oscillators using genetic algorithm-optimized dual-parameter control

We demonstrate a dual-parameter control strategy that simultaneously modulates laser temperature and current to enhance the long-term frequency stability of optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs). A simulation environment was developed to model the frequency control dynamics, within which proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters were optimized using a genetic algorithm before hardware development. Experimental results show that the proposed approach expands the effective compensation range to 2.8 K without upgrading hardware, reduces frequency drift to 7.7×10^-3 ppm/K, corresponding to the ppb/K level, and achieves an overlapping Allan deviation of 3.2×10^-12 at 1000 s, while preserving phase noise performance. Strong agreement between simulated and experimental results (R²=0.998) confirms the effectiveness of the method for robust OEO stabilization.