Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

In the domain of radio communication, the significance of impedance matching must be considered. It is crucial to ensure the efficient transmission of signals between radio transmitters and receivers. Achieving this balance involves using impedance-matching circuits, with one fundamental configuration comprising a resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
The process of harmonizing these impedances begins with a clear understanding of the input and output signals. Once these signals are known, the...

Interference and Superposition of Waves

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

Half wave rectifier

Half wave rectifier

A half-wave rectifier is a fundamental circuit in electronics, designed to convert alternating current (AC) voltage into a unidirectional voltage. It utilizes the simplest form of diode rectification, where the circuit comprises a single diode in series with a load resistor and an AC power source.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Patient stratification for dose scaling in cervical cancer: a model-based analysis using image-guided adaptive brachytherapy.

Journal of radiation research·2026

Same author

Prospective evaluation of oxygen saturation endoscopic imaging for radiotherapy response in head and neck cancer.

Communications medicine·2026

Same author

Pain response to palliative intent conventional radiotherapy for painful malignant iliopsoas involvement: a multicenter retrospective study.

International journal of clinical oncology·2026

Same author

Cross-anatomical evaluation of a deep-learning auto-contouring system: qualitative, geometric, and dosimetric validation.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2026

Same author

Preoperative ctDNA and tumor volume predict colorectal cancer recurrence after metastasis resection.

NPJ precision oncology·2026

Same author

Early Rule Out of Myocardial Infarction With a Novel High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Assay.

JAMA cardiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Broadband multimode interference coupler based on SiN waveguide designed by the adjoint method.

Takeshi Fujisawa, Yasuhide Tsuji

|August 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an inverse-designed silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide coupler. The novel method enables broadband 3-dB power splitting over a 100-nm range with excellent experimental validation.

More Related Videos

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

Area of Science:

Photonics and Waveguide Engineering
Nanophotonics and Metamaterials
Computational Electromagnetics

Background:

Multimode interference (MMI) couplers are essential photonic components.
Achieving broadband operation and precise power splitting in MMI couplers remains challenging.
Inverse design offers a powerful approach for optimizing complex photonic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and validate an inverse-designed broadband multimode interference (MMI) coupler using silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides.
To demonstrate a fabrication-friendly design methodology based on adjoint sensitivity analysis and binarization.
To experimentally verify the device's performance for broadband 3-dB splitting.

Main Methods:

Utilizing inverse design with adjoint sensitivity analysis to optimize waveguide geometry.
Modulating waveguide widths within the MMI region and optimizing input/output ports.
Binarizing the refractive index distribution for simplified fabrication.
Fabricating the designed SiN waveguide coupler and measuring its transmission spectra.

Main Results:

Achieved a very flat spectral response over a 100-nm wavelength range by modulating MMI region widths.
Experimental transmission spectra showed excellent agreement with simulation results.
Successfully demonstrated over 100-nm broadband 3-dB splitting experimentally.

Conclusions:

The proposed inverse design method is effective for creating broadband MMI couplers.
Binarization of the refractive index distribution enables practical fabrication.
The developed SiN MMI coupler shows significant potential for integrated photonic applications requiring broadband performance.