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    This study introduces an amplitude-modulated continuous-wave (AMCW) LiDAR using an optical frequency comb (OFC) for precise distance measurement. This advanced LiDAR system achieves high accuracy and speed, enabling detailed 3D laser imaging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Optical Metrology
    • LiDAR Technology

    Background:

    • Traditional LiDAR systems often require high-bandwidth photodetectors and analog-to-digital converters.
    • Optical frequency combs (OFCs) offer unique properties for precise optical measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an amplitude-modulated continuous-wave (AMCW) LiDAR system utilizing an optical frequency comb (OFC).
    • To leverage OFC for signal down-conversion, enhancing ranging accuracy and speed while reducing hardware demands.
    • To extend the measurable range and eliminate ambiguity using intensity-modulated pulse sequences.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of an OFC for signal down-conversion in an AMCW LiDAR.
    • Intensity modulation of a reference electrical pulse sequence onto the OFC.
    • Utilizing a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) scanning mirror for 3D imaging.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a repeatability of 10.5 nm with an average time of 427 ms.
    • Demonstrated high accuracy of ±0.8 µm and an update rate of 150 Hz.
    • Successfully performed 3D laser imaging with a standard deviation of 3.7 µm.

    Conclusions:

    • The OFC-based AMCW LiDAR offers a robust solution for high-precision ranging and 3D imaging.
    • This approach alleviates the need for expensive, high-performance electronic components.
    • The demonstrated system shows significant potential for advanced metrology and imaging applications.