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Molecular mechanisms of superheated steam-induced modifications enhancing ovalbumin functional properties: Insights
Haiqi Chen1, Zuohua Xie2, Feifei Wang3
1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Abstract:
The effects of superheated steam (SS) on functional properties of ovalbumin (OVA) and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated. SS treatment significantly enhanced OVA's emulsifying capacity, antioxidant activity, and digestive properties compared to conventional heating methods. The results showed that SS treatment exposed hydrophobic regions of OVA and induced oxidation and phosphorylation. LC-Orbitrap-MS analysis revealed that phosphoryl group transfer from S68 and S344 enhanced emulsifying properties, while M35 oxidation and Y42 phosphorylation facilitated the exposure of antioxidant peptide sequences 36-40. Furthermore, peptidomic analysis demonstrated that SS promoted the generation of small-molecule peptides, identifying 53 unique peptides and 8 specific cleavage sites. Integration of site-specific modification mapping with peptide profiling revealed that modification sites (S164, M222, S257, S353) enhanced pepsin accessibility by exposing specific digestion sites. These findings establish SS treatment as a promising approach for enhancing protein functional properties, offering significant potential in food processing applications.
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