Lessons learned from the first in human sequential colocalized PFA and RF lesions

The era of pulsed field ablation (PFA) has yielded considerable improvements in procedural safety for atrial fibrillation. However, given the fixed size and depth of the electrical field in first generation PFA modalities, ablation of substrates beyond the pulmonary veins with heterogeneity of tissue thickness can be challenging. Sequential PFA and radiofrequency (RF) from a focal tip catheter may offer an advantage in these challenging substrates with potential to deliver safe and deeper lesions. In our report, we describe the first in human experience of sequential colocalized PFA and RF lesions with a 3.5-mm investigational dual energy catheter.