Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

39.6K
Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
39.6K
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

5.7K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
5.7K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

2.6K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.6K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

6.3K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
6.3K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

5.7K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
5.7K
Impulse01:13

Impulse

19.2K
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the...
19.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fine tuning of TCR signaling via CD8αβ and PD-1 and the fate of autoreactive thymocytes during negative selection.

ImmunoHorizons·2026
Same author

Pathogens may have assisted the evolution of endothermy by restricting its reversibility.

Journal of thermal biology·2026
Same author

Storm-Petrels Aggregate on the Open Sea to Feast on Opportune Blubber.

Ecology and evolution·2025
Same author

Marine iguanas have lower metabolic rates during El Niño.

The Journal of experimental biology·2025
Same author

An Overlooked Habitat-Dependent Link Between Metabolism and Water Loss in Reptiles.

Integrative zoology·2025
Same author

A user's guide for understanding reptile and amphibian hydroregulation and climate change impacts.

Conservation physiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY
10:28

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

Published on: June 30, 2016

13.6K

A clear prompt

Shahar Dubiner

    Nature
    |August 15, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    No abstract available in PubMed .

    Keywords:
    ArtsCulture

    More Related Videos

    A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
    10:38

    A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

    Published on: July 16, 2015

    13.7K
    Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
    05:58

    Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

    Published on: August 29, 2018

    9.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

    Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY
    10:28

    Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

    Published on: June 30, 2016

    13.6K
    A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
    10:38

    A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

    Published on: July 16, 2015

    13.7K
    Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
    05:58

    Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

    Published on: August 29, 2018

    9.0K