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Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Published on: September 29, 2020

Titanium-Containing Zincophilic Interface Enables Fast Kinetics and Ultrahigh-Rate Dendrite-Free Zn Anodes.

Qiushao Yang¹, Jiwei Wang¹, Wenyuan Zhang^1,2

¹College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|August 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel zinc anode interface layer (TTO) to enhance aqueous zinc-metal batteries. This innovation suppresses hydrogen evolution and dendrite growth, enabling over 11,000 cycles at high current density.

Keywords:

TiHCF‐TiO2 aqueous Zn‐metal batteries nucleation barrier ultrahigh rate zincophilic interface layer

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Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

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Published on: September 29, 2020

Author Spotlight: Exploring Cellular Zinc Regulation Through ZnT1 Functionality

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Published on: June 2, 2023

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

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Published on: June 27, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Aqueous Zn-metal batteries offer high capacity and safety but suffer from Zn dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution.
These issues limit the durability and performance of Zn metal anodes in next-generation energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a zinc-ophilic interface layer for Zn anodes to improve battery durability.
To suppress parasitic reactions like hydrogen evolution and promote uniform Zn deposition.

Main Methods:

Surface reconstruction of Zn anode by decorating with a TiHCF-TiO2 (TTO) interface layer.
Investigating the effect of the TTO layer on electric field, Zn2+ flux, nucleation barrier, and Zn deposition behavior.
Testing the electrochemical performance of Zn@TTO anodes in coin and pouch full cells.

Main Results:

The TTO layer effectively suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Uniform Zn deposition and horizontal Zn growth were achieved, inhibiting dendrite formation.
Zn@TTO anodes demonstrated stable cycling for over 11,000 cycles with low overpotential (≈300 mV) at 100 mA cm-2.
Excellent cycling stability and low polarization were observed in full cells.

Conclusions:

The zinc-ophilic TTO interface layer significantly enhances the stability and performance of aqueous Zn anodes.
This strategy provides a promising pathway for developing durable and high-performance aqueous Zn-metal batteries.