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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Rapid Fluorescence-based Characterization of Single Extracellular Vesicles in Human Blood with Nanoparticle-tracking Analysis
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Assessing Extracellular Vesicle Turnover In Vivo Using Highly Sensitive Phosphatidylserine-Binding Reagents.

Lavinia Flaskamp1, Monica Prechtl1, Annkathrin Scheck1

  • 1Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, BMC, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152, Planegg, Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding reagent reveals that most extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood carry PS. This discovery enhances EV detection and offers insights into their rapid clearance in vivo.

Keywords:
EV‐turnoverMFG‐E8extracellular Vesicles (EVs)lactadherinphosphatidylserine (PS)

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital for cell communication and show potential as biomarkers and therapeutics.
  • EV diversity and lack of reliable markers hinder their clinical application.
  • The presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) on EVs is debated due to lipid composition variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel high-affinity phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding reagent for improved EV analysis.
  • To investigate the prevalence of PS on EVs in blood.
  • To gain in vivo insights into EV turnover and distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Development and comparison of multiple PS-binding reagents, including MFG-E8 derivatives and Annexin V.
  • Quantification of PS-positive EVs in human and mouse blood.
  • In vivo tracking of PS-positive EVs in mice to assess their turnover and distribution.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 90% of EVs in human and mouse blood were found to carry PS using the optimized reagent.
  • PS-positive EVs in mouse blood exhibited rapid clearance, with about 50% cleared within 30 minutes.
  • PS-positive EVs were observed to persist on immune cells within the spleen.

Conclusions:

  • The novel PS-binding reagent significantly improves EV detection and quantification.
  • The findings confirm widespread PS expression on blood EVs, validating PS as a key EV marker.
  • This research advances the potential of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets by enabling better detection, isolation, and monitoring.