Tooth regeneration in animals. A systematic review.

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Developmental Biology
• Oral Biology

Background:

• Understanding molecular signaling networks is crucial for bioengineered tooth replacement.
• Organoid research, including dental organoids, is a growing area in craniofacial development.
• Spheroid cultures are being explored for their potential in regenerative applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on dental regeneration.
• To synthesize findings on molecular mechanisms and genetic factors in dental development and regeneration.
• To identify gaps and future directions in complete tooth regeneration.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD 646053) following PRISMA guidelines.
• PICO question: "In animals (P) subjected to bioengineering techniques (I), is successful dental regeneration achieved (O)?"
• Risk of bias assessment using Arrive and JBI adapted for Quasi-experimental studies tools.

Main Results:

• 83 articles published in the last 5 years were reviewed; 4 met the inclusion criteria.
• Complete dental regeneration in animal models was achieved by stimulating genes like Wnt10a, Bmp6, and Grem2a.
• Identified genes and antibodies influencing BMP and Wnt signaling pathways (Sox-2), and key factors like FGF.

Conclusions:

• Significant advancements in understanding signaling pathways for dental formation exist, but complete tooth regeneration remains challenging.
• Progress in animal models and genetic editing is noted, yet identifying optimal cellular sources is essential.
• Further research into key genes and cellular sources is critical for future clinical applications in dental regeneration.