Vascular dilation function correlates to pregnant outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health, necessitating a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology and interventions. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in diabetic vascular complications, but its relationship with GDM outcomes remains unclear.

This study included 278 GDM patients categorized into high and low flow-mediated dilation (FMD) groups based on median FMD values. Clinical data, glycemic parameters, and serum biomarkers were assessed. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations.

While demographic characteristics did not significantly differ between FMD groups, glycemic parameters were significantly better in the high FMD group. Negative correlations were observed between FMD and glycemic parameters. Patients with low FMD had higher rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. A combined test model incorporating FMD, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide levels showed superior predictive accuracy for poor pregnancy outcomes. Vascular endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by impaired FMD, correlates with adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM.

Multi-marker approaches may enhance risk stratification and personalized management strategies.