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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Presystemic Elimination01:24

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The pharmacokinetic journey of oral drugs begins with a crucial first pass through the hepatic portal system, called the first-pass effect. This first pass significantly impacts bioavailability — the proportion of a drug that enters systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. The primary route sees the drug absorbed by intestinal membranes and then shunted to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. Here, pre-systemic elimination occurs as drugs face metabolism or biliary...
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Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Mathematical Expressions and Units01:19

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Mathematical principles play a crucial role in pharmacokinetics, providing a framework for understanding and quantifying drug distribution and elimination dynamics in the body. By utilizing mathematical expressions and units, pharmacologists can accurately characterize the behavior of drugs, optimize dosing regimens, and predict therapeutic outcomes.
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

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Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Prematriculation Programs for Student Pharmacist Success.

Zara Risoldi Cochrane1, Oluwaranti Ranti Akiyode2, Evan T Robinson3

  • 1Shenandoah University, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Winchester, VA, USA.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|August 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pre-matriculation programs are increasingly offered by U.S. Colleges/Schools of Pharmacy (C/SOPs) to support PharmD students. However, most institutions report neutral or slightly positive impacts on student success outcomes like graduation.

Keywords:
PrematriculationStudent retentionStudent success

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy education
  • Higher education student support

Background:

  • Pre-matriculation programs aim to enhance student preparedness for rigorous academic programs.
  • Understanding the landscape and perceived effectiveness of these programs in pharmacy schools is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize pre-matriculation programs in U.S. Colleges/Schools of Pharmacy (C/SOPs).
  • To explore the impact of these programs on PharmD student success outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A national survey was conducted among AACP member institutions during the 2022-2023 academic year.
  • The survey collected data on pre-matriculation program offerings, delivery methods, goals, and perceived impact on student success.

Main Results:

  • A response rate of 84.5% was achieved, with 38.3% of surveyed C/SOPs offering pre-matriculation programs.
  • Primary program goals included science/math remediation and assessing student readiness for the PharmD curriculum.
  • Most C/SOPs perceived a neutral or somewhat positive impact on on-time graduation and degree completion.

Conclusions:

  • The adoption of pre-matriculation programs in U.S. C/SOPs appears to be increasing.
  • Currently, few institutions report significant positive impacts of these programs on student success.
  • Further data-driven research is essential to validate the effectiveness of pre-matriculation interventions in pharmacy education.