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Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test

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Clock drawing test.

Fernanda Lustosa Cabral Gomez¹, Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci²

¹Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil fernandalustosacg@gmail.com.

Practical Neurology

|August 17, 2025

Summary

The clock drawing test is a quick dementia screening tool. This article simplifies its interpretation by focusing on three key error types for better understanding of cognitive assessment findings.

Keywords:

COGNITION COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY DEMENTIA

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Cognitive Science
Geriatrics

Background:

The clock drawing test (CDT) is a widely used screening instrument for detecting cognitive impairment, particularly in dementia.
Its ease of administration and speed make it a valuable tool in clinical settings for assessing various cognitive domains.
Understanding the nuances of CDT interpretation is crucial for accurate dementia screening.

Purpose of the Study:

To simplify the interpretation of the clock drawing test.
To familiarize readers with the key findings and meanings of common errors in CDT.
To provide a structured approach to CDT analysis by categorizing interpretation into three main error types.

Main Methods:

The study involves a review and categorization of common errors encountered during clock drawing test interpretation.
Interpretation is systematically divided into three primary error categories.
The article focuses on explaining the significance and meaning of each identified error type.

Main Results:

The clock drawing test interpretation can be effectively categorized into three main types of errors.
Each error type provides specific insights into different cognitive domains affected by potential dementia.
This simplified approach aids in recognizing key findings indicative of cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

Dividing clock drawing test interpretation into three main errors enhances its clinical utility.
This method allows for a more straightforward and familiar understanding of the test's key findings.
The simplified interpretation framework supports more efficient and accurate dementia screening.