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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
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RNAi-based antiviral immunity.

De-Yu Xu1,2, Xi Zhou1,2, Yu-Jie Ren2

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of Chinaļ¼ŒHefei 230027, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|August 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural antiviral defense mechanism that uses small RNAs to silence viral genes. Targeting viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) can restore this defense for potent antiviral therapies.

Keywords:
VSRantiviralmiRNAsiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene silencing mechanism utilizing small RNAs.
  • During viral infection, host cells generate virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) to degrade viral RNA via RNAi.
  • RNAi acts as a crucial antiviral immune pathway, but viruses evolve viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to evade it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of RNAi in antiviral immunity.
  • To summarize recent research advances in RNAi-based antiviral strategies.
  • To explore the therapeutic applications of targeting VSRs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing existing research on RNAi, VSRs, and miRNAs in viral infections.
  • Analysis of viral counter-defense mechanisms against RNAi.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting VSRs and host/viral miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Viruses employ VSRs to antagonize the RNAi pathway, inhibiting antiviral defense.
  • Targeting VSRs can reactivate RNAi, offering potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
  • Host and viral miRNAs also play regulatory roles in viral infections, presenting additional therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • RNAi is a significant antiviral defense mechanism that can be therapeutically exploited.
  • Developing drugs that inhibit VSRs is a promising strategy for antiviral therapy.
  • Further research into miRNA-mediated regulation of viral infections can lead to novel treatments.