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Environmental NaCl affects Caenorhabditis elegans development and aging.

Franziska Pohl1,2,3, Brian M Egan1,4, Daniel L Schneider1

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.

Genetics
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
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High salt intake accelerates aging and shortens lifespan in the nematode C. elegans, with older worms showing increased sensitivity to salt toxicity. This highlights salt

Area of Science:

  • Aging research
  • Molecular biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) is essential but toxic in excess, contributing to human hypertension and age-related diseases.
  • Standard laboratory conditions for C. elegans often include ~50 mM NaCl, potentially impacting aging studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of varying sodium chloride (NaCl) levels on aging and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  • To determine if NaCl in standard culture media accelerates aging across different genetic backgrounds.
  • To explore the age-dependent sensitivity to NaCl toxicity and the underlying stress response pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing wild-type and long-lived C. elegans mutants (daf-2, age-1, nuo-6) on Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) with reduced, standard (~50 mM), or excess NaCl.
Keywords:
C. elegansdaf-2WormBaseagingdevelopmentlifespansaltsodium chloride (NaCl)

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  • Assessing lifespan, development, fertility, and health span under different NaCl conditions.
  • Measuring the activation of stress response genes (gpdh-1 and hsp-6) in young and old animals exposed to excess NaCl.

    • Main Results:

    • Standard NaCl levels (~50 mM) in NGM accelerated aging and reduced lifespan in wild-type and long-lived C. elegans mutants.
    • Excess NaCl delayed development, reduced fertility, and shortened lifespan and health span in wild-type worms, indicating toxicity in both young and old animals.
    • Older animals exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl toxicity compared to younger animals, activating both NaCl-specific (gpdh-1) and mitochondrial stress (hsp-6) response pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • NaCl present in standard C. elegans culture media accelerates aging and shortens lifespan across multiple genetic backgrounds.
    • Aging increases sensitivity to NaCl toxicity, impacting both lifespan and health span.
    • Excess NaCl exposure triggers distinct stress responses in aging C. elegans, involving both salt-specific and mitochondrial pathways.