View Micronuclei in the Extent of Evolution: New Insight Into an Old Issue

Micronuclei (MNs), once regarded as cellular debris or genotoxicity markers, can also be recognized as dynamic structures with potential evolutionary significance. In tumor models, MNs promote clonal diversification, mutagenesis, and adaptation. MNs' interaction with the conserved cGAS-STING pathway reflects dual roles in immune defense for the individual and adaptive response for cell under stress. MNs may also contribute to aging-related evolution and be functional in embryonic development. MN's presence and function across species suggests the ability of MN to offer genomic diversity and selective advantage. Therefore, our understanding is that MN may contribute to evolution throughout life processes of organisms.