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Unexplained cardiac hypertrophy as a clue to plasma cell tumour: a case study

Sha Liu1, Chengbi Tong2, Junmin Xie1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.

American Journal of Translational Research
|August 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This case highlights how plasma cell tumors can cause cardiac issues like hypertrophy. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment, such as with bortezomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab, improved patient symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Plasma cell disorders can present with cardiac manifestations.
  • Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia that can infiltrate the myocardium.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old male presented with chest tightness, fatigue, and arrhythmia.
  • Initial imaging revealed myocardial thickening, suggestive of amyloidosis.
  • Cardiac MRI showed left ventricular hypertrophy and delayed enhancement, with an elevated kappa-lambda ratio, raising suspicion for a plasma cell tumor.

Findings:

  • Diagnostic tests, including immunofixation electrophoresis, myocardial biopsy, bone marrow biopsy, and immunohistochemistry, confirmed a plasma cell tumor, specifically light chain (AL) amyloidosis.
  • Treatment with bortezomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab led to significant symptomatic improvement.

Implications:

  • This case emphasizes the importance of considering plasma cell disorders in patients with unexplained cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Early diagnostic strategies and targeted therapies are crucial for managing AL amyloidosis.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches involving cardiology, hematology, and oncology are essential for optimal patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Cardiac hypertrophycase reportheart failuremyocardial amyloidosisplasma cell tumour

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