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Robotics in Breast Surgery: Current Advantages, Disadvantages, and Applications
Tiago Branco1, Ana Rodrigues1, Ana Rita Martins2
1General Surgery, Unidade Local de Saúde do Oeste, Hospital de Caldas da Rainha, Caldas da Rainha, PRT.
Cureus
|August 18, 2025
Summary
Robot-assisted breast surgery offers a minimally invasive approach with enhanced precision for procedures like nipple-sparing mastectomy. While showing promise in reducing complications and improving aesthetics, challenges like cost and training require further study.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Surgical Innovation
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, often requiring surgical intervention.
- Traditional breast surgeries can be invasive, leading to complications and aesthetic concerns.
- Robot-assisted surgery presents a minimally invasive alternative.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current evidence on robot-assisted breast surgery.
- To evaluate its advantages, limitations, and clinical applications.
- To assess oncological safety and aesthetic outcomes compared to conventional methods.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on robotic breast surgery.
- Analysis of studies focusing on nipple-sparing mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and reconstruction.
- Evaluation of data on precision, visualization, ergonomics, complications, and aesthetics.
Main Results:
- Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy shows comparable oncological safety with lower complication rates.
- Robotic systems provide enhanced precision, 3D visualization, and improved surgeon ergonomics.
- Potential benefits include reduced postoperative pain and improved aesthetic satisfaction in reconstruction.
Conclusions:
- Robot-assisted breast surgery is a promising minimally invasive option with oncological safety.
- High costs, longer operative times, and specialized training are significant challenges.
- Further long-term oncological data and cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to fully establish its role.
