Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Presenting With Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Case Report

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a severe fungal infection caused by opportunistic fungi of the order Mucorales, most commonly Rhizopus oryzae. It typically occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus or those who are immunocompromised. The diagnosis is based on histopathological, microbiological, clinical, and radiological findings. Early diagnosis is crucial, and management includes antifungal therapy and surgical debridement. In this case report, we report a 64-year-old diabetic female patient who presented with rhino-orbital mucormycosis. The patient had central retinal artery occlusion in the left eye, left cranial nerve palsies, and ethmoidal and maxillary sinusitis. The fungal culture examination resulted in Rhizopus oryzae. The patient received antifungal treatment and underwent left orbital exenteration and endoscopic sinus surgery. Despite antifungal treatment and early extensive surgical debridement, the patient died during the second month of intensive care.