Cerebral vasculitis in leptospirosis: An uncommon MRI case presentation

Cerebral vasculitis is a rare but serious complication in leptospirosis, typically resulting from an immune-mediated inflammatory response. Neurological involvement occurs in approximately 10%-15% of leptospirosis cases, but true cerebral vasculitis remains exceedingly rare. MRI plays a crucial role in identifying vascular involvement by revealing vessel abnormalities, including inflammation and microbleeds. In leptospirosis, MRI helps confirm diagnosis, monitor progression, and guide clinical decisions, including immunosuppressive therapy. This case highlights the importance of early neuroimaging and clinical correlation to avoid long-term neurological sequelae.