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Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

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Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
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Microbiota composition-based donor selection affects FMT efficacy in a murine colitis model.

Zhongming Dai1, Wen Cheng1, Huan Peng1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Qiu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Donor microbiota composition significantly impacts FMT efficacy, with high-abundance beneficial genera leading to better outcomes in preclinical models.

Keywords:
16S rRNAFMTIBDdonor screeninggut microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gut microbial dysbiosis is increasingly linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis.
  • Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a microbiota-targeted therapy for IBD.
  • Variable outcomes in clinical trials necessitate identifying key donor microbiota features for FMT efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of donor gut microbiota composition on FMT therapeutic efficacy in IBD.
  • To identify specific microbial taxa associated with successful FMT outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fecal DNA from IBD patients and healthy donors using 16S rRNA sequencing.
  • Selection of FMT donors based on differential abundance of health-associated genera.
  • Evaluation of FMT efficacy in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse models.

Main Results:

  • IBD patients exhibited reduced microbial diversity and enrichment of specific genera (e.g., *Escherichia-Shigella*, *Megamonas*, *Klebsiella*) compared to healthy donors.
  • FMT from donors with high abundance of beneficial taxa restored microbial diversity and ameliorated colitis in mice.
  • Post-FMT microbiota in successful recipients more closely resembled healthy controls, with enrichment of specific beneficial genera.

Conclusions:

  • FMT can ameliorate IBD symptoms in preclinical models.
  • The relative abundance of health-associated microbial genera in donor microbiota is critical for FMT therapeutic efficacy.
  • Identifying and selecting donors with specific microbiota profiles can optimize FMT outcomes for IBD treatment.