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$Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus$

Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Published on: January 23, 2018

ChatGPT-4 Responses on Ankle Cartilage Surgery Often Diverge from Expert Consensus: A Comparative Analysis

Takuji Yokoe^1,2, Giulia Roversi³, Nuno Sevivas^4,5,6,7

¹Orthopaedic Department, Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim, Vila do Conde, Portugal.

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics

|August 18, 2025

Abstract

Background:

There are few studies that have evaluated whether large language models, such as ChatGPT, can provide accurate guidance to clinicians in the field of foot and ankle surgery. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT's responses regarding ankle cartilage repair by comparing them with the consensus statements from foot and ankle experts as a standard reference.

Methods:

The open artificial intelligence (AI) model ChatGPT-4 was asked to answer a total of 14 questions on debridement, curettage, and bone marrow stimulation for ankle cartilage lesions that were selected at the 2017 International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle. The ChatGPT responses were compared with the consensus statements developed in this international meeting. A Likert scale (scores, 1-5) was used to evaluate the similarity of the answers by ChatGPT to the consensus statements. The 4 scoring categories (Accuracy, Overconclusiveness, Supplementary, and Incompleteness) were also used to evaluate the quality of ChatGPT answers, according to previous studies.

Results:

The mean Likert scale score regarding the similarity of ChatGPT's answers to the consensus statements was 3.1 ± 0.8. Regarding the results of 4 scoring categories of the ChatGPT answers, the percentages of answers that were considered "yes" in the Accuracy, Overconclusiveness, Supplementary, and Incompleteness were 71.4% (10/14), 35.7% (5/14), 78.6% (11/14), and 14.3% (2/14), respectively.

Conclusion:

This study showed that ChatGPT-4 often provides responses that diverge from expert consensus regarding surgical treatment of ankle cartilage lesions.

Level Of Evidence:

Level V, expert opinion.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence ChatGPT ankle cartilage injury bone marrow stimulation consensus statement

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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