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Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived-retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells into a Large-eyed Model of Geographic Atrophy
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Secondary Macular Hole Closure With Sub-Tenon Triamcinolone Acetonide.

Reza Azimi1, Amr K Hassan1, Elina Ghafari1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

Journal of Vitreoretinal Diseases
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide injections effectively closed secondary macular holes in three patients, improving vision. This treatment shows promise for specific macular hole sizes, with manageable side effects like increased intraocular pressure.

Keywords:
cystoid macular edemafull-thickness macular holesecondary macular holessub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonidetraumatic macular holevitreoretinal surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Secondary macular holes can arise after vitreoretinal surgery or trauma.
  • Management of these macular holes presents a clinical challenge.
  • Evaluating novel therapeutic approaches is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A case series involving three patients with secondary full-thickness macular holes was conducted.
  • All patients received sub-Tenon injections of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg).
  • Macular hole closure was observed within 1 to 2 months post-injection.

Findings:

  • Successful closure of macular holes was achieved in all three patients.
  • Visual acuity improved across all cases following treatment.
  • One patient experienced transiently elevated intraocular pressure, managed with topical medication.

Implications:

  • Sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide demonstrates efficacy in treating secondary macular holes.
  • The treatment is particularly promising for macular holes smaller than 200 µm.
  • Further research into this therapeutic option could offer new management strategies for retinal conditions.