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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach

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Postero-lateral elbow dislocation with traumatic brachial artery disruption.

Sariyah R Piquion1, Vindhya N Reddy2, Eric Yang3

  • 1Pinecrest Lakes Middle High.

Orthopedic Reviews
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Elbow dislocations can cause rare but life-threatening brachial artery transection. Prompt vascular assessment and surgical repair are crucial to prevent limb ischemia and amputation, even with present distal pulses.

Keywords:
Postero-lateral elbow dislocationbrachial artery disruptionelbow dislocation

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • Elbow dislocations are common, typically managed with closed reduction.
  • Vascular compromise, though rare, presents a life-threatening emergency.
  • Underdiagnosis is possible due to maintained collateral circulation and distal pulses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight a case of complete brachial artery transection following elbow dislocation.
  • To emphasize the critical need for thorough vascular assessment in elbow trauma.
  • To underscore the potential for catastrophic outcomes from seemingly routine injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 38-year-old female with elbow dislocation and brachial artery transection.
  • Surgical intervention for vascular repair and joint reduction.
  • Multidisciplinary approach involving trauma and surgical teams.

Main Results:

  • Complete transection of the brachial artery successfully repaired.
  • Elbow joint reduced.
  • Associated anterior interosseous nerve palsy identified and managed.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular injury in elbow dislocations requires urgent recognition and intervention.
  • Arterial integrity should not be presumed solely on the presence of distal pulses.
  • Early surgical management and a multidisciplinary approach are vital for optimal outcomes in high-risk elbow trauma.